一、实验
create table s1 as select * from SH。SALES;
create table s2 as select * from SH。SALES;
s1表没有建立索引
s2表有建立索引
set timing on;
select * from s1 where prod_id=1;
2。
45s
select * from s2 where prod_id=1;
0。59s
可见索引对于表查询速度的重要性。
二、索引性能测试与诊断
1、查看数据库Index信息：
SELECT
A。OWNER, A。TABLE_OWNER, A。
TABLE_NAME, A。INDEX_NAME, A。INDEX_TYPE,
B。COLUMN_POSITION, B。COLUMN_NAME, C。TABLESPACE_NAME,
A。TABLESPACE_NAME, A。UNIQUENESS
FROM DBA_INDEXES A, DBA_IND_COLUMNS B, DBA_TABLES C
WHERE A。
OWNER = UPPER ('hr')
AND A。OWNER = B。INDEX_OWNER
AND A。OWNER = C。OWNER
AND A。TABLE_NAME LIKE UPPER ('DEPARTMENTS')
AND A。
TABLE_NAME = B。TABLE_NAME
AND A。TABLE_NAME = C。TABLE_NAME
AND A。INDEX_NAME = B。INDEX_NAME
ORDER BY A。OWNER, A。TABLE_OWNER, A。
TABLE_NAME, A。INDEX_NAME, B。COLUMN_POSITION
2、查出没有建立index的表：
SELECT OWNER, TABLE_NAME
FROM ALL_TABLES
WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','DBSNMP') AND OWNER = UPPER ('scott')
MINUS
SELECT OWNER, TABLE_NAME
FROM ALL_INDEXES
WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','DBSNMP')
3、查出建立了过量index的表：
SELECT
OWNER, TABLE_NAME, COUNT (*) "count"
FROM ALL_INDEXES
WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','DBSNMP') AND OWNER = UPPER ('hr')
GROUP BY OWNER, TABLE_NAME
HAVING COUNT (*) > ('4')
一个表可以有几百个索引，但是对于频繁插入和更新表，索引越多系统CPU，I/O负担就越重；建议每张表不超过5个索引。
实验：
create table table1 as select * from SH。SALES;
create table table2 as select * from SH。SALES;
table1只在prod_id列建索引
table2在所有列建索引
SELECT count(*) FROM table1 where prod_id=30;
29282
set timing on;
update table1 set cust_id=1 where prod_id=30;
10。
56s
update table2 set cust_id=1 where prod_id=30;
11。35s
4、找出全表扫描（Full Scan）的Sid和SQL
A full table scan occurs when every block is read from a table。
Full table scans are often a preferred performance option in batch-style applications, such as decision support。 We have seen some excellent run-time improvements in decision support systems that use the parallel query option, which relies on full table scans to operate。
However, full table scans at an OLTP site during prime online usage times can create havoc with response times。 Full table scans, even on small tables, can degrade response times particularly when the small table drives the query, and this table is not always the most efficient access path。
The following query reports how many full table scans are taking place:
SELECT name, value
FROM v$sysstat
WHERE name LIKE '%table %'
ORDER BY name;
The values relating to the full table scans are:
table scans (long tables) - a scan of a table that has more than five database blocks
table scans (short tables) - a count of full table scans with five or fewer blocks
If the number of long table scans is significant, there is a strong possibility that SQL statements in your application need tuning or indexes need to be added。
To get an appreciation of how many rows and blocks are being accessed on average for the long full table scans, use this calculation (the sample data comes from an OLTP application):
Average Long Table Scan Blocks
= (table scan blocks gotten - (short table scans * 5))
/ long table scans
= (3,540,450 - (160,618 * 5)) / 661
= (3,540,450 - (803,090)) / 661
= 4,141 blocks read per full table scan
In our example, 4141 average disk reads performed on an OLTP application 661 times in the space of a few short hours is not a healthy situation。
If you can identify the users who are experiencing the full table scans, you can find out what they were running to cause these scans。
Below is a script that allows you to do this:
REM FILE NAME: fullscan。sql
REM LOCATION: Database Tuning\File I/O Reports
REM FUNCTION: Identifies users of full table scans
REM TESTED ON: 7。
3。3。5, 8。0。4。1, 8。1。5, 8。1。7, 9。0。1, 9。2。0。2
REM PLATFORM: non-specific
REM REQUIRES: v$session, v$sesstat, v$statname
REM This view is used by the fscanavg。
sql script
REM
REM This is a part of the Knowledge Xpert for Oracle Administration REM library。
REM Copyright (C) 2001 Quest Software
REM All rights reserved。
REM
REM************ Knowledge Xpert for Oracle Administration *************
DROP VIEW full_table_scans;
CREATE VIEW full_table_scans
AS
SELECT
ss。
username
|| se。sid
|| ') ' "User Process",
SUM (DECODE (NAME, 'table scans (short tables)', VALUE)) "Short Scans",
SUM (DECODE (NAME, 'table scans (long tables)', VALUE)) "Long Scans",
SUM (DECODE (NAME, 'table scan rows gotten', VALUE)) "Rows Retrieved"
FROM v$session ss, v$sesstat se, v$statname sn
WHERE se。
statistic# = sn。statistic#
AND ( NAME LIKE '%table scans (short tables)%'
OR NAME LIKE '%table scans (long tables)%'
OR NAME LIKE '%table scan rows gotten%'
AND se。
sid = ss。sid
AND ss。username IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY ss。username
|| se。sid